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BCA-108N · Digital Electronics
Unit 5

Counters, Modulo Circuits & Programmable Logic

Unit 5 Learning Hub

Counters, Modulo Circuits & Programmable Logic

Official MJPRU BCA Unit 5: Counters, Modulo Circuits & Programmable Logic for BCA-108N (Digital Electronics).

Syllabus Topics:Counters: Definition, Modulus of a Counter (MOD-N), Asynchronous (Ripple) vs Synchronous CountersAsynchronous Up-Counter: 3-bit/4-bit Ripple Counter Circuit, Operation & Timing WaveformsAsynchronous Down-Counter & Up/Down Ripple Counter ImplementationDecade Counter (MOD-10 / BCD Counter): Reset Logic via NAND Gate & State Transition DiagramSynchronous Counters: Design Procedure using Flip-Flop Excitation Tables & Simultaneous ClockingRing Counter & Johnson Counter (Twisted Ring): Circuit, State Tables & Unused State RecoverySemiconductor Memory Classification: ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash MemoryRandom Access Memory (RAM): Static RAM (SRAM 6T Cell) vs Dynamic RAM (DRAM 1T-1C Cell)Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs): PLA (Programmable Logic Array) vs PAL (Programmable Array Logic)
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Introduction to Computers & The IPO Cycle

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Topic 1 · The foundation of modern computing

Introduction to Computers & The IPO Cycle

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💡 The Big Picture:A computer is an electronic system that takes raw data as Input, processes it under programmed logic, and produces meaningful Information as Output.
🍪 Everyday Analogy:Think of baking cookies: Flour & Sugar (Input) ➔ The Oven (Processing) ➔ Warm Delicious Cookie (Output)! 🍪
Key Exam Takeaways
  • ·Data = Raw, unprocessed facts without context (e.g. 42, 'apple').
  • ·Information = Structured data with meaning (e.g. 'Temperature: 42°C').
  • ·Hardware is what you can touch; Software is the instructions running inside.
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Which of the following represents unprocessed raw facts?

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