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BCA-207N · Computer Organization and Architecture
Unit 2

CPU Functioning, Instruction Formats & Addressing Modes

Unit 2 Learning Hub

CPU Functioning, Instruction Formats & Addressing Modes

Official MJPRU BCA Unit 2: CPU Functioning, Instruction Formats & Addressing Modes for BCA-207N (Computer Organization and Architecture).

Syllabus Topics:Instruction Format Architecture: Three-Address, Two-Address, One-Address (Accumulator), Zero-Address (Stack) InstructionsInstruction Types: Data Transfer, Data Manipulation (Arithmetic, Logical, Shift), Program Control (Branches, Subroutines)Addressing Modes: Purpose (Relocatability, Pointer Indexing, Memory Saving)Immediate Addressing Mode: Operand Specified Explicitly Inside Instruction WordDirect Addressing Mode: Instruction Contains Memory Address of Target OperandIndirect Addressing Mode: Instruction Points to Memory Location Containing Actual Target AddressRegister Addressing & Register Indirect Addressing Modes: High-Speed Register Access and Pointer ManipulationRelative Addressing Mode: Program Counter (PC) Relative Offset, Branching EfficiencyIndexed Addressing Mode: Base Register + Index Register Calculation, Array TraversalBase Register Addressing Mode: Segment Base + Displacement, Dynamic Program RelocationAuto-Increment and Auto-Decrement Addressing Modes: Stack Pointer and Sequential Array HandlingReduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) vs Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) ParadigmsModern Multi-core Microprocessor Architecture: Shared L3 Cache, Point-to-Point Interconnects (QPI), Simultaneous Multithreading
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Introduction to Computers & The IPO Cycle

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Topic 1 · The foundation of modern computing

Introduction to Computers & The IPO Cycle

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💡 The Big Picture:A computer is an electronic system that takes raw data as Input, processes it under programmed logic, and produces meaningful Information as Output.
🍪 Everyday Analogy:Think of baking cookies: Flour & Sugar (Input) ➔ The Oven (Processing) ➔ Warm Delicious Cookie (Output)! 🍪
Key Exam Takeaways
  • ·Data = Raw, unprocessed facts without context (e.g. 42, 'apple').
  • ·Information = Structured data with meaning (e.g. 'Temperature: 42°C').
  • ·Hardware is what you can touch; Software is the instructions running inside.
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Which of the following represents unprocessed raw facts?

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