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BCA-204N · Unix and Shell Programming
Unit 3

Special Tools, Filters & Stream Editors (grep, sed, awk)

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Unit 3 Learning Hub

Special Tools, Filters & Stream Editors (grep, sed, awk)

Official MJPRU BCA Unit 3: Special Tools, Filters & Stream Editors (grep, sed, awk) for BCA-204N (Unix and Shell Programming).

Syllabus Topics:Standard I/O Streams in UNIX: Standard Input (stdin, 0), Standard Output (stdout, 1), Standard Error (stderr, 2)Redirection Operators: Output Redirection (> and >>), Input Redirection (<), Error Redirection (2>, 2>&1)UNIX Pipelines: Pipeline (|) Operator, Chaining Multiple Programs, The tee Utility (Splitting Output Stream)Basic Filter Commands: sort (-n, -r, -k), uniq (-c, -d), cut (-d, -f, -c), paste, tr (Character Translation and Deletion)Information Filters: wc (Word, Line, Byte Count), comm, diff, cmp, find Utility (Searching by Name, Type, Size, Exec Action)Regular Expressions in UNIX: Basic Regular Expressions (BRE) vs Extended Regular Expressions (ERE)Regex Metacharacters: Anchors (^, $), Wildcard (.), Character Classes ([abc], [^0-9]), Quantifiers (*, +, ?, {m,n}), Grouping ()Pattern Searching with grep: grep, egrep (grep -E), fgrep (grep -F), Options (-i, -v, -n, -c, -l, -w)Stream Editor (sed) Architecture: Non-Interactive Stream Processing, Pattern Space and Hold Buffersed Commands: Substitution (s/pattern/replacement/flags - g, p), Deletion (d), Printing (p), Appending (a), Inserting (i)The AWK Programming Language: Pattern-Action Structure (pattern { action }), Built-in Variables (FS, OFS, RS, ORS, NR, NF, FILENAME)AWK Scripting Constructs: BEGIN and END Blocks, Field Referencing ($0, $1..$NF), Formatted Printing (printf), Conditionals and Loops
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Introduction to Computers & The IPO Cycle

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Topic 1 · The foundation of modern computing

Introduction to Computers & The IPO Cycle

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Ready to master this concept? Give it a quick read & tap the check!

💡 The Big Picture:A computer is an electronic system that takes raw data as Input, processes it under programmed logic, and produces meaningful Information as Output.
🍪 Everyday Analogy:Think of baking cookies: Flour & Sugar (Input) ➔ The Oven (Processing) ➔ Warm Delicious Cookie (Output)! 🍪
Key Exam Takeaways
  • ·Data = Raw, unprocessed facts without context (e.g. 42, 'apple').
  • ·Information = Structured data with meaning (e.g. 'Temperature: 42°C').
  • ·Hardware is what you can touch; Software is the instructions running inside.
Instant Knowledge Check
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Which of the following represents unprocessed raw facts?

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