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BCA-301N · Artificial Intelligence
Unit 4

Reasoning Techniques & Structured Knowledge Representation

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Unit 4 Learning Hub

Reasoning Techniques & Structured Knowledge Representation

Official MJPRU BCA Unit 4: Reasoning Techniques & Structured Knowledge Representation for BCA-301N (Artificial Intelligence).

Syllabus Topics:Forward Chaining (Data-Driven Reasoning): Modus Ponens Execution, Cycle of Matching, Activation & FiringBackward Chaining (Goal-Driven Reasoning): Hypothesis Testing, Sub-Goal Decomposition & Stack-Based ProcessingConflict Resolution Strategies: Specificity Rule, Recency Principle, Priority Order & RefractorinessPattern Matching Paradigms: Rete Matching Algorithm, Alpha Networks, Beta Memory & Discrimination TreesIndexing Schemes for Large Knowledge Bases: Content-Addressable Indexing, Hash-Indexed Rules & Discrimination TreesSemantic Networks: Quillian's Model, Nodes, Labeled Directed Edges, ISA and AKO Hierarchies, Property InheritanceException Handling in Semantic Nets: Overriding Defaults, Multiple Inheritance Conflicts & Diamond ProblemFrames Representation (Marvin Minsky): Frame Structure, Slots, Fillers, Facets, Default Values, Demonic Triggers (if-needed, if-added)Conceptual Dependency (CD) Theory (Roger Schank): Primitive Acts (ATRANS, PTRANS, MTRANS, MBUILD, INGEST, EXPEL, MOVE, GRASP)CD Conceptual Roles: Actor, Objective, Recipient, Directive & Conceptual TensesScripts Knowledge Representation: Schank's Scripts, Causal Chains, Restaurant Script Standard ParadigmComponents of Scripts: Entry Conditions, Props, Roles, Tracks & Scenes Progression
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Introduction to Computers & The IPO Cycle

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Topic 1 · The foundation of modern computing

Introduction to Computers & The IPO Cycle

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Ready to master this concept? Give it a quick read & tap the check!

💡 The Big Picture:A computer is an electronic system that takes raw data as Input, processes it under programmed logic, and produces meaningful Information as Output.
🍪 Everyday Analogy:Think of baking cookies: Flour & Sugar (Input) ➔ The Oven (Processing) ➔ Warm Delicious Cookie (Output)! 🍪
Key Exam Takeaways
  • ·Data = Raw, unprocessed facts without context (e.g. 42, 'apple').
  • ·Information = Structured data with meaning (e.g. 'Temperature: 42°C').
  • ·Hardware is what you can touch; Software is the instructions running inside.
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Which of the following represents unprocessed raw facts?

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