Unit 2: XML Technologies & Server-Side PHP Programming

Unit 2 Learning Hub

XML Technologies & Server-Side PHP Programming

Official MJPRU BCA Unit 2: XML Technologies & Server-Side PHP Programming for BCA-303N (Web Technologies).

Syllabus Topics:Introduction to XML: Extensible Markup Language, Syntax Rules, Well-Formed vs Valid XML DocumentsDocument Type Definition (DTD): Internal vs External DTD, Elements, Attributes (CDATA, ID, IDREF), EntitiesXML Schemas (XSD): Data Typing, Schema Definition, Complex Types vs Simple Types, NamespacesPresenting XML: Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL), XSL Transformations (XSLT), XPath ExpressionsXHTML: Strict, Transitional & Frameset Specifications, Differences Between HTML and XHTML SyntaxXML Parsing APIs: Document Object Model (DOM) Tree-Based Parser vs Simple API for XML (SAX) Event-Driven ParserPHP Server-Side Architecture: PHP Engine, Server Interaction (Apache/Nginx mod_php), <?php ... ?> TaggingPHP Language Primitives: Variables ($ prefix), Dynamic Typing, Constants, Arithmetic, Logical and Bitwise OperatorsPHP Control Structures: Conditional Statements (if-else, switch-case), Iterative Loops (for, while, do-while, foreach)PHP Arrays: Indexed Arrays, Associative Arrays, Multidimensional Arrays, Array Manipulation FunctionsPHP Functions & Parameter Mechanisms: User-Defined Functions, Default Arguments, Pass by Value vs Pass by Reference (&)PHP Superglobals & Form Handling: $_GET, $_POST, $_REQUEST, $_SERVER, Form Data Sanitization (htmlspecialchars, strip_tags)

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Introduction to Computers & The IPO Cycle

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Topic 1 · The foundation of modern computing

Introduction to Computers & The IPO Cycle

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💡 The Big Picture:A computer is an electronic system that takes raw data as Input, processes it under programmed logic, and produces meaningful Information as Output.

🍪 Everyday Analogy:Think of baking cookies: Flour & Sugar (Input) ➔ The Oven (Processing) ➔ Warm Delicious Cookie (Output)! 🍪

Key Exam Takeaways

·Data = Raw, unprocessed facts without context (e.g. 42, 'apple').
·Information = Structured data with meaning (e.g. 'Temperature: 42°C').
·Hardware is what you can touch; Software is the instructions running inside.

Instant Knowledge Check

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Which of the following represents unprocessed raw facts?

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